Biology: Requirements and Sample Courses

1. Biology of organisms (especially that of humans, including characteristics and classifications of organisms)
• Biological Principles
• Integrative Biology of Organisms
• The Human Organism
• Human Behavioral Biology
• Principles of Human Anatomy and Development
• Developmental Biology
• Plant Biology
• Plant Development and Differentiation
• Zoology
• Physiology of Marine Animals
• Biology of Invertebrate Animals
• Structure and Physiology of Vertebrates
• Circadian Biology
• Physiological Systems
• Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
• Cellular and Organ Physiology
2. Cells and cell theory
• Introductory Cell Biology
• Structure and Function of Cells
• Cells, Tissues, and Organisms
• Cellular Basis of Neuronal Function
• Biochemistry of Membranes
• Experimental Cellular Structure
• Cellular and Organ Physiology
• Cellular Neurobiology
• Cell, Brain, Mind
• Molecules, Cells, and Organisms
• Cell and Developmental Biology
• Microscopic Cell Anatomy and Physiology
• Molecular and Cellular Basis of Human Disease
3. Ecology and evolutionary biology
• Fundamentals of Ecology
• Organisms, Evolution, Ecology
• Patterns of Diversity, Ecology, and Evolution
• Evolution, Diversity and History of Life
• Topics in Molecular Evolution
• Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
• Behavioral Ecology
• Evolutionary Developmental Biology
• Evolution of Animal Behavior
• Dynamics of Evolving Systems
• Evolution of Vertebrates
• Conservation Biology
• Biology of Conservation and Extinction
• The Fossil Record and Mammalian Evolution
• Human Evolution
• Ecophysiology of Plants
4. Matter and energy in ecosystems
• Fundamentals of Ecology
• Landscape Ecology
• Forest Ecology
• Ecology: Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems
• Ecophysiology of Plants
• Biogeochemistry
• Ecology of Managed and Natural Ecosystems
• Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
• Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems
• Ecosystem Ecology and the Global Environment
5. Genetics (including chromosome structure and function and inheritance)
• Fundamentals of Genetics
• Genetics and Genomics
• Chromosomes
• Microbial Genetics
• Molecular Genetics and Neuronal Development and Disease
• Genetics and Biochemistry of Chromosome Behavior
• Genetics: Cell Biology
• Genomics and the Biology of Complex Systems
• Molecular Genetics and Heredity
• Population and Quantitative Genetics
6. Molecular biology
• Introduction to Molecular Biology
• Molecules, Cells, and Organisms
• Molecular Approaches in Neurobiological Research
• Molecular and Cellular Basis of Human Disease
• Molecular Genetics and Heredity
• Molecular Genetics and Neuronal Development and Disease
• Biochemistry
• Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology
• Molecules to Systems
• Molecular Foundations of Medicine
• Protein Structure and Function
• Topics in Molecular Evolution
7. Related aspects of:
   • Chemistry
   • Principles of Modern Chemistry
   • Organic Chemistry
   • Introduction to Organic and Biochemistry
   • Life Sciences Chemistry
   • Physical Biochemistry
   • Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
   • Neurochemistry
   • Biochemistry of Membranes
   • Enzyme Chemistry
   • Physics
   • Fundamentals of Physics
   • History and Philosophy of 20th Century Physics
   • Geophysics
   • Earth Science
   • History and Evolution of Planet Earth
   • Principles of Earth and Planetary Sciences
   • Hydrogeology
   • Geological Record of Climate Change
   • Ecology of a Changing Planet
   • Natural Disturbances and Human Disasters
   • Earthquakes
   • Global Tectonics
   • Introduction to Oceans
   • Biological Oceanography
   • Marine Geobiology
   • Origin and Evolution of the Solar System
   • Galaxies and the Universe
   • Environmental Earth Sciences
   • Environmental Geology
   • Dynamics of Weather Systems
   • Soil Mechanics
   • Mathematics (such as statistics)
   • Introduction to Mathematical Analysis
   • Introduction to Functions and Calculus
   • Applied Biostatistics
   • Introduction to Statistics: Life Sciences
   • Mathematics in Biology
   • Mathematics for Scientists and Engineers
8. Engineering and technical applications of biology
• Social and Commercial Aspects of Biotechnology
• Chemistry and Biology in Biotechnology
• Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
• Introduction to Modern Technology of Electron Microscopy
• Micro- and Nanothings: Science, Technology and Public Policy
• Genes and Genetic Engineering
• Topics in Biomedical Engineering
• Molecular and Engineering Aspects of Biotechnology
• Exercise Physiology
• Neural Signal Processing
• Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
• Neuropharmacology
9. History and philosophy of science
• Epistemology of Science
• Revolutionary Scientific Ideas
• Philosophy and the Scientific Revolution
• 19th Century Roots of Modern Science
• History and Philosophy of 20th Century Physics
• Origins and History of the Scientific Fact
• Darwin in the History of Life
• The Darwinian Revolution
• Biology and Society in the Twentieth Century
10. Methods of research in the sciences, including laboratory techniques and the use of computers
• Molecular Approaches in Neurobiological Research
• Ecological Methods and Quantitative Analysis
• Field Ecology
• Introduction to Statistics: Life Sciences
• Applied Biostatistics
• Biostatistics for Research Workers
• Scientific Project Design and Grant Proposal Writing
• Computer Science Fundamentals
• Genetics Lab
• Physiology Lab
• Biochemistry Lab